Hundreds of Millions of iPhones Can Be Hacked With a New Tool Found in the Wild

iPhone hacking techniques have sometimes been described almost like rare and elusive animals: Hackers have used them so stealthily and carefully against such a small number of hand-picked targets that they're only rarely seen in the wild. Now a recent spate of espionage and cybercriminal campaigns has instead deployed those same phone-takeover tools, embedded in infected websites, to indiscriminately hack phones by the thousands. And one new technique in particular—capable of taking over any of hundreds of millions of iOS devices—has appeared on the web in an easily reusable form, putting a significant fraction of the world's iPhone users at risk.

Researchers at Google and cybersecurity firms iVerify and Lookout on Wednesday jointly revealed the discovery of a sophisticated iPhone hacking technique known as DarkSword that they've seen in use on infected websites, capable of instantly and silently hacking iOS devices that visit those sites. While the technique doesn't affect the latest, updated versions of iOS, it does work against iOS devices running versions of Apple's previous operating system release, iOS 18, which as of last month still accounted for close to a quarter of iPhones, according to Apple's own count.

“A vast number of iOS users could have all of their personal data stolen simply for visiting a popular website,” says Rocky Cole, iVerify's cofounder and CEO. “Hundreds of millions of people who are still using older Apple devices or older operating system versions remain vulnerable.”

The iPhone-hacking campaign that used DarkSword has come to light just two weeks after the revelation of another, even more sophisticated and fully featured hacking toolkit known as Coruna was found in use by what Google describes as a Russian state-sponsored espionage group and other hacker groups. Although DarkSword appears to have been created by different developers from Coruna, the researchers found that it was used by those same Russian spies. Like Coruna, it too was embedded in components of otherwise legitimate Ukrainian websites, including online news outlets and a government agency site, to harvest data from visitors' phones.

Yet just as concerning, says iVerify cofounder and researcher Matthias Frielingsdorf, is that the hackers who carried out that espionage campaign left the full, unobscured DarkSword code—complete with explanatory comments in English that describe each component and include the “DarkSword" name for the tool—available on those sites for anyone to access and reuse. That carelessness, he says, practically invites other hacker groups to adopt it and target other iPhone users. “Anyone who manually grabbed all the different parts of the exploit could put them onto their own web server and start infecting phones. It's as simple as that,” says Frielingsdorf. “It's all nicely documented, also. It's really too easy.”

WIRED reached out to Apple for comment on the researchers' findings, but the company didn't provide comment. Google declined to comment beyond the blog post it released about its DarkSword findings.

According to Lookout, DarkSword is designed to steal data from vulnerable iPhones that include passwords and photos; logs from iMessage, WhatsApp, and Telegram; browser history; Calendar and Notes data; and even data from Apple's Health app. Despite the apparent espionage focus of the hacking campaign, DarkSword also steals users' cryptocurrency wallet credentials, suggesting the hackers may have carried out a possible side business in for-profit cybercrime.

Rather than install spyware that persists on users' phones, DarkSword uses stealthier techniques that are more often seen in “fileless” malware that typically target Windows devices, hijacking the legitimate processes in an iPhone's operating system to steal data. “Instead of using a spyware payload to brute force your way through the file system—which leaves tons of artifacts of exploitation that are pretty easy to detect—this just uses system processes the way they're meant to be used,” iVerify's Cole says. “And it leaves far fewer traces.”

That fileless technique also means that a DarkSword infection doesn't persist on a phone after it reboots, Cole says. Instead, it steals data from the phone within the first few minutes after it's hacked—what he calls a “smash-and-grab” approach.

While the Coruna iOS hacking toolkit exposed earlier this month works against iOS versions 13 through 17, DarkSword works against most versions of iOS 18, the previous version of Apple's mobile operating system before the company released iOS 26 last fall. (In fact, DarkSword contains two distinct exploit “chains" that take advantage of different vulnerabilities in earlier and later versions of iOS 18, depending on which one a target device is running.) That means many more phones remain at risk to DarkSwords than Coruna, especially given the relatively slow adoption and unpopularity of iOS 26, which has been criticized for new features such as a “liquid glass” interface some users have complained is overly animated and reduces legibility.

Both Apple itself and StatCounter, which tracks operating system adoption, released numbers last month showing that close to a quarter of iPhone users remain on iOS 18. To update your iPhone, tap Settings, then General, then Software Update. (And you can find steps for limiting liquid glass here.) Both iVerify and Lookout say their security apps also can detect if a phone is compromised with DarkSword in the form they've observed it.

Who created DarkSword remains a mystery. But the researchers who found it agree it almost certainly wasn't built by the Russian hackers who deployed it. They instead suspect a “broker” firm that buys and sells hacking techniques. Aside from the English-language comments in DarkSword's code—probably written to explain its use to a customer—the clearest clue about its origin is its association with Coruna: TechCrunch reported last week that Coruna was created by Trenchant, a subsidiary of US government contractor L3Harris that creates hacking techniques for the US government. Former Trenchant employee Peter Williams pleaded guilty last year to selling the company's tools to a Russian broker firm called Operation Zero, which has since been sanctioned by the US government.

While there's no clear sign that DarkSword was also created by Trenchant or built for use by the US government, its deployment by the same Russian hackers who likely bought access to Coruna suggests that DarkSword, too, may have been sold by Operation Zero or another broker in hacking techniques. (Operation Zero didn't respond to WIRED's request for comment.) Beyond the Russian spies who used it, Coruna was also later used by cybercriminals to steal cryptocurrency from Chinese-speaking victims, an even more reckless use of an iPhone hacking toolkit—and a potential sign that Operation Zero will resell its offerings to any hacker group willing to pay.

The back-to-back appearance of two different, powerful iPhone hacking techniques, possibly both sold by a broker firm with little discretion, suggests an increasingly active market for the resale of exploits that once were considered extremely rare and used only for highly targeted attacks against individual victims.

“People assumed that it was just going to be journalists or activists or maybe an opposition politician that was targeted, and that this wasn't a concern for a normal citizen," says Justin Albrecht, who leads mobile threat intelligence at Lookout. “Now that we see iOS exploits being delivered through an unscrupulous broker, there's a whole market here for this to get to cybercriminals” who will use it with far less discretion.

iVerify's Cole argues that the fact that DarkSword was put to use so brazenly, with no real attempt to prevent its discovery on the sites where it was embedded, also suggests that iOS hacking techniques are now attainable enough on that black market that ha