AGENTIC-SYSTEMSMay 8, 20261 min read5 views

BALAR : A Bayesian Agentic Loop for Active Reasoning

Researchers introduce BALAR, a novel algorithm that enables LLMs to actively reason and ask clarifying questions by maintaining a structured Bayesian belief over latent states. It significantly outperforms baselines in complex tasks like detective cases and medical diagnosis without requiring fine-tuning.

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence

Title:BALAR : A Bayesian Agentic Loop for Active Reasoning

Large language models increasingly operate in interactive settings where solving a task requires multiple rounds of information exchange with a user. However, most current systems treat dialogue reactively and lack a principled mechanism to reason about what information is missing and which question should be asked next. We propose BALAR (Bayesian Agentic Loop for Active Reasoning), a task-agnostic outer-loop algorithm that requires no fine-tuning and enables structured multi-turn interaction between an LLM agent and a user. BALAR maintains a structured belief over latent states, selects clarifying questions by maximizing expected mutual information, and dynamically expands its state representation when the current one proves insufficient. We evaluate BALAR on three diverse benchmarks: AR-Bench-DC (detective cases), AR-Bench-SP (thinking puzzles), and iCraft-MD (clinical diagnosis). BALAR significantly outperforms all baselines across all three benchmarks, with $14.6%$ higher accuracy on AR-Bench-DC, $38.5%$ on AR-Bench-SP, and $30.5%$ on iCraft-MD.

Source: arXiv cs.AI Recent

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